Read the most important events that happened today.
1604: The Star of Kepler (or Supernova of 1604) makes its appearance in the constellation of Ophiuchus. This is the last super nova observed in our galaxy.
1777: The revolutionary forces under General Horatio Gates defeat the British colonial troops at the Battle of Saratoga. With a major strategic maneuver to end the city, the British invade from Canada. They are isolated and trapped without reserves and forced to surrender. The victory of the Americans will judge the outcome of the revolution of the 13 North American colonies.
1797: Treaty of Campo-Formio, which annexes the Ionian Islands to France.
1814: Nine people die in beer flooding in central London. It was caused when a large tank of beer broke in the "Mayox" brewery and its contents were spilled on the street.
1854: British and French troops begin a siege on the port of Sevastopol, the base of the Russian Black Sea Fleet.
1864: The new Constitution of Greece is adopted, which establishes the regime of the Reigning Republic.
1868: The Luxembourg Constitution enters into force.
1888: The optical phonograph is patented by Thomas Edison (the first film).
1897: The Society of Greek Playwrights is founded.
1906: The German mathematician Arthur Korn takes the first telephoto. It conveys the image of Germany's successor at a distance of 1.800 km from Munich to Berlin.
1909: A movement of junior officers of the Greek Navy is suppressed, resulting in deaths and injuries on both sides.
1912: The Greek Army liberates Naoussa, where in the meantime, with the approach of the Greek forces, the inhabitants have overthrown the Turkish authorities. Naoussa, after heavy and deep slavery, uprisings, participation in revolutions and many massacres by Turks, is in the "arms" of Greece.
1913: The British ship "Volturno" catches fire while sailing from Rotterdam to New York. 521 passengers are saved, while 100 are considered dead. The same day, the Zeppelin L II exploded over Berlin, killing 28 people.
1915: Great Britain offers Cyprus to Greece to motivate it to go to the First World War. Citing Greek neutrality, the government of Alexandros Zaimis will reject the offer three days later.
1933: Albert Einstein and his wife arrive in the United States as political refugees from Nazi Germany.
1937: Donald Duck's twin nephews - Hugh, Lewis, Dewey - appear for the first time in a newspaper comic in the USA.
1941: The German occupiers execute 250 inhabitants of Ano and Kato Kerdylia, Serres, in retaliation for the murder of a German soldier.
1945: In Argentina, Juan Perρόνn returns to power, just eight days after being ousted by the military. Crowds flock to Plaza de Mayo in Argentina, demanding his release. This date is considered to be the birth of peronism.
1956: Britain is opening the world's largest nuclear plant at Calder Hall.
1957: French author Albert Camus ("The Stranger") wins the Nobel Prize for Literature.
1973: OPEC imposes embargo on US and Western countries, which provided military assistance to Israel during the Yom Kippur War.
1977: After five days of agony in Somalia, Mogadishu, West German commandos raided a Lufthansa hijacked plane, freeing all 86 hostages. The operation killed three of the four Palestinian hijackers who had killed the pilot the day before.
1979: The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded to Mother Teresa. He traveled all over the world to help the poor and the sick. For example, he helped the hungry in Ethiopia, the victims of the Chernobyl nuclear explosion and the victims of an earthquake in Armenia.
1989: A strong earthquake of 7 Richter hit San Francisco, USA with 67 dead, 2.500 injured and huge damage. It is the strongest earthquake to hit California since 1906.
1993: The state of emergency imposed by Russian President Boris Yeltsin in Moscow is coming to an end. The arrests, during these days, exceed 90.000.
1997: Che Guevara's bones were transported to Cuba and buried in the Santa Clara Mausoleum, thirty years after his execution in Bolivia.
2006: American and Russian physicists announce that they have produced the heaviest known element, the ununctio, with atomic number 118.
Births
1697 - Canaletto (pronounced Giovanni Antonio Canal), Italian artist
1760 - Henri de Saint-Simone, French economist and philosopher
1813 - Georg Bichner, German playwright
1835 - Paul Henlein, German engineer
1844 - Gustave-Leon Schliberge, French historian
1860 - Dionysios Lavragas, Greek composer
1912 - Pope John Paul I
1915 - Arthur Miller, American playwright
1918 - Rita Hayworth, American actress and dancer
1920 - Montgomery Clift, American actor
1933 - William Anders, American astronaut
1949 - Owen Arthur, Prime Minister of Barbados
1955 - George Alogoskoufis, Greek economist and politician
1957 - Eleftheria Arvanitaki, Greek singer
1972 - Eminem (known as Marshall Mathers), American rapper, producer and actor
1972 - Tarkan Tevetoglou, Turkish singer
1975 - Despina Olimpiou, Cypriot singer
1976 - George Afroudakis, Greek water polo player
1977 - Andre Villas-Boas, Portuguese football coach
1979 - Alexandros Nikolaidis, Greek taekwondo athlete
1979 - Kimi Raikkonen, Finnish racing driver
1979 - Costas Tsartsaris, Greek basketball player
1983 - Felicity Jones, English actress
1984 - Chris Lowell, American actor
Deaths
532 - Pope Boniface II
1428 - Andrei Rublyov, Russian painter
1552 - Andreas Osiandros, German theologian
1553 - George III of Anhalt-Dessau, German prince
1707 - Gabriel III, Patriarch of Constantinople
1757 - René Antoine Ferso de Reomir, French scientist
1849 - Frederic Chopin, Polish pianist and composer
1850 - Login Heyden, Russian admiral
1872 - Solomon Andrews, American inventor
1887 - Gustav Kirchhoff, German physicist
1920 - John Reed, American journalist
1934 - Santiago Ramνn i Cahl, Spanish blogger and neuroscientist
1938 - Karl Kautsky, German politician
1952 - Filippos Kourantis, Greek football player
1953 - Nikolaos Kampanis, Greek politician
1960 - Andreas Birakis, Greek politician
1973 - Ingeborg Bachmann, Austrian author
1981 - Lina Tsaldari, Greek politician
1983 - Raymond Aaron, French philosopher
1989 - Dionysios Carrer, Greek politician
1992 - Orestis Laskos, Greek director and screenwriter
1993 - Chris Oliva, American guitarist (Savatage)
1994 - Kakia Mendri, Greek singer
1999 - Mema Stathopoulou, Greek actress
2001 - Araken Demelo, Brazilian soccer player
2015 - Howard Kendall, English footballer
