Read the most important events that happened today.
306: Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his army.
325: The work of the First Ecumenical Council in Nicaea, Bithynia, ends. The Symbol of Faith (I believe) and the method of calculating Easter are established.
1261: Alexios Stratigopoulos, general of the emperor of Nicaea Michael VIII of Palaiologos, recaptures Constantinople occupied in 8 by the Crusaders.
1797: British Admiral Horace Nelson loses 200 men and his right arm during a failed landing to capture Tenerife.
1814: English engineer George Stephenson patents the locomotive.
1832: Massachusetts marks the first recorded train accident in American history. Four people fall from a wagon when it detaches from the train. One is killed and the others are seriously injured.
1893: Prime Minister Sotirios Sotiropoulos inaugurates the Corinth Canal. The project was inspired and executed by Charilaos Trikoupis, whose government "fell" two months earlier. Everyone was talking about an economic boldness, a technical feat, using 2.500 workers and the most perfect mechanical means of the time, which was completed after 11 years.
1895: French chemist Pierre Curie marries his colleague Maria.
1898: US occupies Puerto Rico after little resistance.
1907: Japan declares Korea its protectorate.
1917: In France, Dutch dancer Margarita Girtruinda Zell, known as Mata Hari, is sentenced to death as an agent of Germany during World War I.
1929: Pope Pius XI makes his first appearance outside the Vatican, abandoning a 59-year-old custom that kept him and his predecessors "prisoners" in the state.
1929: The law "On security measures of the social status and protection of freedoms" is passed by the Parliament under the Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos. It is known as a Nickname and was aimed at suppressing communist propaganda and action.
1943: Benito Mussolini was forced to resign as dictator of Italy, thus ending the fascist regime he had imposed on the Italians, which in the beginning they themselves had accepted.
1945: British Prime Minister Winston Churchill is leaving the Potsdam Conference, which deals with the future of Germany and Europe, to monitor the results of his country's parliamentary elections. Churchill loses the election and submits his resignation. The new Prime Minister, Clement Atley, who belongs to the Labor Party, will represent Britain in Potsdam.
1952: Puerto Rico becomes a self-governing state after joining the US Commonwealth.
1962: Twenty injured in incidents in Heraklion, Crete. Members of the Center Union and the E.D.A. attack the prefecture during a protest rally of raisin growers. Leonidas Kyrkos comes to grips with the prefect and they are punched.
1962: In the US, a bill is being passed for equal pay, regardless of gender.
1965: The publication of Margarita Papandreou's letter to the journalist Diu Pearson in the Washington Post entitled "Mr. Papandreou's agony" causes a stir. "The kings sought to overthrow him, linking his son to a paramilitary organization." The opposition accuses the Papandreou family of inciting American involvement.
1965: For the first time, Bob Dylan appears with an electric guitar. The spectators do not like the new sound at all, who, in fact, enjoy it.
1969: During the Vietnam War, US President Richard Nixon proclaimed the Nixon Doctrine, according to which the US now expects its allies to take care of their military defense.
1971: In Cape Town, South Africa, the leading heart surgeon, Christian Barnard, is transplanting a human heart and lungs at the same time.
1978: At Oldham Hospital in England, under the supervision of gynecologist Dr. Patrick Steptow, Leslie Brown gives birth to a very healthy baby girl, who weighs two kilos and six hundred grams. She is Louise Brown, the first "child of the tube" in the world.
1979In Nicaragua, dictator Anastasio Somoza is forced to resign from the presidency and flee abroad following pressure from the Sandinistas and the US government. The government is taken over by a five-member group, controlled by the Sandinistas.
1982: Yasser Arafat signs a declaration recognizing Israel's right to exist.
1984: Soviet cosmonaut Svetlana Savitskaya is the first woman to "walk" in space.
1992: The official opening ceremony of the 25th Olympic Games in Barcelona takes place, which will end on August 9.
1995: In France, a bomb attack on the Paris Metro kills seven and injures 80.
2000: Big Air France Concorde plane crash. Ultrasonic Concorde, shortly after taking off from Paris, fell on fire, killing 109 passengers and crew and four others on the ground.
2010: WikiLeaks publishes secret documents about the war in Afghanistan, one of the biggest leaks in the history of the US military.
2012: The Greek Olympic Committee decides to exclude the Greek triple jump athlete, Voula Papachristou, from the London Olympic Games. The reason was the posting of a comment on twitter, in which he wrote: "With so many Africans in Greece, at least the mosquitoes of the West Nile will eat homemade food !!". The champion had already left with the Greek Olympic delegation for the British capital.
Births
1799 - David Douglas, Scottish botanist
1905 - Elias Canetti, a Nobel laureate of Jewish descent
1920 - Rosalind Franklin, British physicochemist and crystallographer, plays a role in deciphering the structure of DNA.
1924 - Elder Paisios, Greek monk
1940 - John Penel, American athlete
1967 - Matt LeBlanc, American actor
1981 - Konstantinos Charalambidis, Cypriot football player
1982 - Brad Renfro, American actor
1984 - Loukas Mavrokefalidis, Greek basketball player
1985 - James Lafferty, American actor
1985 - Nelson Pique Jr., Brazilian F1 driver, son of old ace Nelson Pique
1986 - Hulk, Brazilian soccer player
1988 - Paulinho, Brazilian soccer player
Deaths
306 - Constantius Chlorus, Roman emperor
1834 - Samuel Taylor Coleridge, English poet
1843 - Charles McIntosh, Scottish chemist and inventor
1966 - Michael Ailianos, Greek economist and politician
1967 - Konstantinos Parthenis, Greek painter
1969 - Otto Dix, German painter and engraver
1986 - Vicente Minelli, American film director
2011 - Michalis Kakogiannis, Greek Cypriot film director
