Read the most important events that happened today.
451: The 4th Ecumenical Council, which is recognized by both the Orthodox and the Catholic Church, begins in Chalcedon, a city of Bithynia in Asia Minor. The Synod will classify Monophysitism as heresies and with the Decree of Chalcedon the dual nature of the Godman Jesus Christ will be fully recognized.
1600: San Marino adopts its first written Constitution.
1827: Naval battle of Navarino (p. D., On October 20 with n. D.). Outside Navarino the fleets of the Great Powers (England, France, Russia), with Admirals Codrington, Derigni and Hayden, sail Ibrahim's Turkish-Egyptian fleet. Its losses are 60 ships and 6.000 men, while the allies 650 dead, without sinking a boat. It is the last naval battle carried out exclusively by sailboats.
1871: The big fire that destroys Chicago, USA, breaks out. The fire starts at 9 pm when, according to legend, a cow kicks an oil lamp inside a barn. 300 people lose their lives. When, three days later, the flames subsided, one-third of the city was smoked, one-third of the residents - close to 100.000 people - were left homeless, and the damage exceeded $ 200 million.
1906: German Karl Nessler launches the first hairspray for permanent hair in London.
1912: Greek naval forces landed in Moudros of Lemnos, during the First Balkan War. They will liberate the island the next day.
1912: Montenegro declares war on the Ottoman Empire.
1929: The Metropolitan of Derkon is elected Ecumenical Patriarch and takes the name Photios II.
1951: The Ethnarch of Cyprus, Makarios, appeals to the UN, asking for the right of the Cypriots to be united with Greece.
1955: The most powerful aircraft carrier in the world, Saratoga, is launched in the USA.
1958: The Swede Dr. Eik Senning implants patient Arne Larsson with the first internal pacemaker, which was invented earlier this year by Rune Elmkvist, also a Swede.
1965: The IOC announces that Germany will compete in the Olympic Games in Mexico with two teams, the West (DDR) and the East (GDR).
1973: The government of Spyros Markezini is sworn in, who is appointed prime minister by George Papadopoulos, in an effort to unload popular discontent by proceeding with a so-called democratization. Forty days later it will "collapse" in the Polytechnic uprising.
1980: Bob Marley collapses on stage and is taken to hospital, where he is diagnosed with a brain tumor. The man who made reggae music famous all over the world will die seven months later.
1982: The Polish regime bans all trade unions, including "Solidarity", which was founded in 1980 by Lech Walesa.
1987: The Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center is officially established. It will be delivered in 34 months.
1991: Croatia and Slovenia are voting to end their constitutional relations with Yugoslavia.
1994: The World Volleyball Championship, organized for the first time in Greece, is coming to an end in Athens.
1996: Apostolos Kaklamanis is elected President of the Greek Parliament.
2000: Michael Schumacher wins the Formula 1 Grand Prix in Suzuka and gives Ferrari its first driver's title since 1979.
2001: An air tragedy with 118 dead shocks Italy, after the collision of an MD-87 aircraft of SAS Airlines with a small Cessna and the fall of the first on the luggage depot, at the airport Linate, in Milan.
2004: Burma is again a member of ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) under the name Myanmar.
2005: A magnitude 7,6 earthquake has shaken northern Pakistan, killing at least 70.000 people.
Births
1515 - Margarita Douglas, Countess of Lennox
1551 - Julio Catsini, Italian composer
1833 - Edmund Clarence Standman, American writer
1848 - Pierre de Geiter, Belgian composer
1870 - Louis Viern, French composer
1873 - Alexei Shushev, Russian architect
1873 - Einar Herzsprung, Danish chemist and astronomer
1884 - Walter von Reichenau, German soldier
1890 - Heinrich Foke, German aviator
1892 - Marina Tsvetageva, Russian writer
1895 - Zog I, King of Albania
1895 - Juan Perρόνn, Argentine military and politician
1908 - Hezekiah Papaioannou, Cypriot politician
1918 - Jens Christian Schow, Danish physician
1919 - Kiichi Miyazawa, Japanese politician
1927 - Costas Tachtsis, Greek writer
1930 - Pepper Adams, American saxophonist
1938 - Fred Stole, Australian tennis player
1939 - Elvira Ozolina, Russian javelin thrower
1942 - Nguyen Min Triet, Vietnamese politician
1948 - Claude Zad, French actress
1948 - Baldwin Spencer, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda
1949 - Sigorney Weaver, American actress
1952 - Takis Koronaios, Greek basketball player and coach
1958 - Ursula von der Leyen, German politician
1968 - Zvonimir Boban, Croatian footballer
1970 - Matt Damon, American actor
1970 - Sadiq Khan, English politician
1978 - Mahamadou Sindibe, footballer from Mali
979 - Kristanna Loken, American actress
1983 - Anna Pollatou, Greek athlete
1985 - Bruno Mars (pronounced Peter Jean-Hernandez), American singer
1988 - Konstantinos Koufos, Greek singer
1993 - Barbara Palvin, Hungarian actress and model
1997 - Bella Thorne, American actress
Deaths
705 - Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, Arab Caliph
1207 - Kalogian, Tsar of Bulgaria
1286 - John I, Duke of Brittany
1580 - Jerome Wolf, German humanist and philologist
1754 - Henry Fielding, English writer
1772 - Jean-Joseph de Montonville, French composer
1834 - François Adrienne Baldier, French composer
1869 - Franklin Pierce, 14th President of the United States
1918 - Mikhail Alexeyev, Russian general
1967 - Clement Atley, English politician
1973 - Gabriel Marcel, French philosopher
1977 - George Papasideris, Greek singer
1982 - Philip Noel-Baker, English politician and pacifist
1987 - Konstantinos Tsatsos, Greek politician
1992 - Willy Brandt, German politician
1992 - Christos Hairopoulos, Greek journalist, composer and writer
1996 - Aristotle Nikolaidis, Greek writer
1997 - Bertrand Goldberg, American architect
2002 - Lysimachos Sarafianos, Greek physician and politician
2007 - Konstantinos Andreou, Greek painter and sculptor
2008 - Marcel Chevalier, French executioner
2016 - Stylianos Pattakos, Greek soldier
2017 - Loula Anagnostaki, Greek playwright
