Read the most important events that happened today.
1322: The Scottish warlord, Robert de Bruce, defeats King Edward II of England at the Battle of Bialand and declares Scottish independence.
1862: In the afternoon, the Athenian people gather in Othonos Square to celebrate the expulsion of Othon. After the eulogy, the President of the Provisional Government, Dimitrios Voulgaris, addresses the gathered crowd. Among other things, the following are heard: "Let us swear on this Square, which already bears the beautiful name of Omonia, and let each of us say: I swear allegiance to the homeland and obedience to national decisions."
1863: Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel patents the preparation of nitroglycerin. From this invention he will earn a lot of money, capable of maintaining the Nobel Foundation, which awards the eponymous prizes.
1912: After three days of battles with the Turks, the Greek Army occupies Filippiada, in Arta.
1912: In Milwaukee, USA, US presidential candidate Theodore Roosevelt is wounded by a bullet in a failed assassination attempt. Despite his injury, he continues his scheduled speech.
1914: A Greek military unit, on the orders of Entente, enters the Northern Epirus to enforce order, as chaos prevails in Albania.
1933: Germany is withdrawing from the League of Nations and announcing its withdrawal from the disarmament conference and its willingness to no longer take part in talks on this issue.
1944: German General Erwin Rommel, also known as the "Desert Fox" for his operations in North Africa during World War II, commits suicide by drinking poison. His contacts with the conspirators who had tried to assassinate Adolf Hitler had been revealed and he had been given the choice between trial and suicide.
1960: Semi-professionalism and free transfers are established in Greece by a government decision. They will apply from the 1961-62 football season.
1962: The "Missile Crisis" erupts in Cuba when a US spy plane photographs Soviet nuclear weapons. There is panic in the United States over the impending nuclear war.
1964: Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev is being relieved of his duties as First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and President of the Supreme Soviet. Leonid Brezhnev takes over the reins of the country.
1964: The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded to American human rights activist Martin Luther King.
1966: In Canada, the Montreal Underground opens with 26 stations and 3 lines.
1976: George Kamateros is sitting on a stool for his "miracle water", which is supposed to cure cancer.
1990: Municipal elections are held in Greece. Antonis Tritsis is elected mayor in Athens, Konstantinos Kosmopoulos in Thessaloniki and Stelios Logothetis in Piraeus.
1993: Konstantinos Mitsotakis resigns as president of New Democracy, after his defeat in the October 10 elections.
1994: The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded to Yasser Arafat, Yitzhak Rabin and Simon Peres for the "Oslo Accord" on Middle East peace.
1998: The Nobel Prize in Economics is awarded to Amartya Sen, an Indian professor at Trinity University in Cambridge, for his contribution and work in economic analysis for the Welfare State.
2001: The 6th Congress of PASOK ends, with the re-election of Kostas Simitis as president of the party. He demands a "clear and strong mandate" and receives 71,11% of the vote.
2001: The Taliban say they are ready to extradite Osama bin Laden to a third country if and when the US stops bombing Afghanistan.
2010: The last miner in Chile is released. The 33 Chileans, who for 69 days remained in the bowels of the earth, at a depth of 622 meters, are safe and sound.
Births
1257 - Psemisl II, King of Poland
1404 - Mary of Anjou, Queen of France
1784 - Ferdinand VII, King of Spain
1852 - Dimitrios Kampouroglou, Greek writer
1871 - Alexander von Czemlinski, Austrian composer and conductor
1873 - Jill Rime, French footballer
1888 - Kathryn Mansfield, New Zealand writer
1890 - Dwight D. Eisenhower becomes US General and 34th President of the United States.
1893 - Lillian Guess, American actress
1894 - Edward Estlin Cummings, American poet
1906 - Hassan al-Banna, Egyptian religious leader
1906 - Hannah Arendt, German philosopher
1927 - Roger Moore, English actor
1930 - Mobutu Cese Seko, President of Zaire
1931 - Dusko Gojkovic, Serbian trumpeter and composer
1939 - Litokua Toming, President of the Marshall Islands
1940 - Takis Fotopoulos, Greek philosopher and writer
1942 - Peter Nantas, Hungarian writer
1944 - Sheriff Goren, Turkish director
1946 - François Bozize, President of the Central African Republic
1947 - Nikolai Volkov, Croatian wrestler
1954 - Mordechai Vanunu, Israeli nuclear technician
1959 - A. Tz. Pero, American drummer
1970 - Par Zeterberg, Swedish footballer
1970 - Renos Charalambidis, Greek actor
1971 - Girki Katainen, Finnish politician
1980 - Ben Wissow, English actor
1980 - Jansu Dere, Turkish actress and model
1981 - Ruslan Alekhno, Belarusian singer
1986 - Artemis Theriaki, Greek weightlifter
1986 - Iveta Mukhutsyan, Armenian singer, model and actress
Deaths
1066 - Harold II, King of England
1077 - Andronikos Doukas, Byzantine Protestant
1092 - Nizam al-Mulk, Persian scholar and politician
1416 - Henry I of Wolfenbüttel, Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg
1568 - Jacques Arcadelt, Flemish composer
1628 - Jacopo Nigreti (better known as James Palma the Younger), Italian painter
1632 - Francis II, Duke of Lorraine
1696 - Dionysios III, Patriarch of Constantinople
1747 - Amaro Pargo, Spanish corsair
1817 - Theodore Usakov, Russian Admiral
1831 - Jean-Louis Pons, French astronomer
1884 - Frederick William II, Prince of Hesse
1913 - Evangelos Pantopoulos, Greek actor
1944 - Erwin Rommel, German general
1959 - Errol Flynn, Australian actor
1967 - Marcel Aime, French writer
1977 - Bing Crosby, American singer and actor
1984 - Martin Ryle, English radio astronomer
1990 - Leonard Bernstein, American composer
1995 - Eleni Vlachou, Greek journalist
1999 - Makis Demiris, Greek actor
2003 - Moktar Old Dada, Moorish politician
2004 - Vlassis Bonatsos, Greek singer and actor
2009 - Lou Albano, Italian wrestler
2010 - Benoit Madelbrot, Polish mathematician
2012 - Ekaterini Christofilopoulou, Greek Byzantine scholar
2014 - Leonard Lizzio, American author
2015 - Mathieu Kerekou, President of Benin