Read the most important events that happened today.
1456: Jean d'Arc is acquitted by the Catholic Church, 25 years after she was shot as a heretic.
1550: The Spanish conquistadors bring chocolate to Europe, which will soon become the favorite drink of the nobles.
1745: "God Save the King" is first sung, in honor of King George II. It is a folk song by an unknown composer, which will later be established as the National Anthem of Great Britain.
1770: The Turkish fleet is being destroyed in the port of Cesme in Izmir by the Russians, with whom four Greek ships are cooperating. In retaliation, the Turks slaughtered 1.000 Greeks in Smyrna.
1828: A protocol is signed between the Great Powers for the sending of French troops to Greece, with the aim of expelling Ibrahim's Egyptians.
1896: The first volleyball demonstration match is recorded in Springfield, Massachusetts. Its inspirer was William Morgan, a fellow student of John Naismith who invented basketball.
1923: Eleftherios Venizelos and Ismet Inonou, in a joint statement, announce that an agreement has been reached on all outstanding issues between Greece and Turkey.
1969: In Canada, French is equated with English and is becoming one of the two official languages of the state.
1974: West Germany wins the FIFA World Cup. The total Dutch football was not enough to stop the host's path to glory. The Netherlands entered the arena at the Munich Olympic Stadium as favorites after what it had shown at international and inter-club level (through its base, Ajax), while West Germany had as its base six players from champions Bayern Munich. 1974. West Germany beat the Netherlands 2-1 to become world champions.
1989: A total of 144 New Democracy MPs are submitting a proposal against Andreas Papandreou and 5 other PASOK ministers, for violating the law on the responsibility of ministers, paving the way for the so-called Purge.
2005: Kamikazes spread death in Britain. The quadruple bombing of the London Underground and city bus, which is attributed to an extremist Islamic organization, killed 56 people and injured about 700. It also created the greatest possible sense of insecurity in the Old Continent. The four young bombers - Hashib Hussein, Mohammed Siddiq Khan, Jermaine Lindsay and Sehzad Tanouir - were armed with four bags of explosives and launched bloody attacks. The security services and the government were severely criticized for failing to prevent the attacks. The atmosphere was reminiscent of the day after 11/2001 in the United States.
2015: Mika Xavier Johnson, 25, a former U.S. military officer, opened fire on police in Dallas, killing five and injuring seven others.
Births
1207 - St. Elizabeth of Hungary
1528 - Anna of Austria, Duchess of Bavaria
1833 - Felicien Ropes, Belgian artist
1860 - Gustav Mahler, Austrian composer
1893 - Vladimir Mayakovsky, Russian poet
1899 - George Cukor, American director
1901 - Vittorio de Sica, Italian director
1903 - Steven Runciman, English historian
1936 - Nikos Xylouris, Greek singer
1940 - Ringo Starr, English musician (The Beatles and Plastic Ono Band)
1945 - Mati Salminen, Finnish opera singer
1947 - Gyanendra, King of Nepal
1976 - Berenice Bezos, Argentine actress
1984 - Minas Alozidis, Greek athlete
1984 - Alberto Aquilani, Italian footballer
1991 - Alesso, Swedish DJ and music producer
Deaths
1304 - Pope Benedict II
1307 - Edward I, King of England
1908 - Dimitrios Vikelas, Greek scholar
1930 - Arthur Conan Doyle, Scottish writer
1942 - Thomas Xenakis, Greek gymnast
1972 - Athenagoras, Patriarch of Constantinople
1973 - Max Horkheimer, German philosopher
2006 - Sid Barrett, English musician (Pink Floyd and Stars)
2014 - Edward Shevardnadze, Georgian politician